2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Monoamine Oxidase

Monoamine Oxidase

MAO

Monoamine Oxidase

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Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. They belong to the protein family of flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases. Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia. Monoamine oxidases contain the covalently bound cofactor FAD and are, thus, classified as flavoproteins. Because of the vital role that MAOs play in the inactivation of neurotransmitters, MAO dysfunction is thought to be responsible for a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders. MAO-A inhibitors act as antidepressant and antianxiety agents, whereas MAO-B inhibitors are used alone or in combination to treat Alzheimer’sand Parkinson’s diseases.

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14198
    Selegiline
    		Inhibitor
    Selegiline (Deprenyl) is a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, with an IC50 of 51 nM. Selegiline exhibits 450-flod selectivity for MAO-B over MAO-A (IC50=23 μM). Selegiline can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder.
    Selegiline
  • HY-19915B
    Contezolid acefosamil sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Contezolid acefosamil sodium (MRX-4), a new and orally active oxazolidinone, is an antibiotic in study for complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTI) caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Contezolid acefosamil sodium (MRX-4) markedly reduces potential for myelosuppression and monoamine oxidase inhibition (MAOI).
    Contezolid acefosamil sodium
  • HY-W275048
    MAO-A inhibitor 3
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    MAO-A inhibitor 3 (Compound 360) is a MAO-A inhibitor, with IC50 of >100 μΜ. MAO-A inhibitor 3 can be used to study neurological disorders.
    MAO-A inhibitor 3
  • HY-120017
    Befloxatone
    		Inhibitor
    Befloxatone (MD-370503) is an orally active, selective and reversible inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) (IC50=4 nM). Befloxatone increases the tissue level of monoamine, striatal dopamine and cortical norepinephrine. Befloxatone has antidepressant potential.
    Befloxatone
  • HY-151596
    MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 (compound I14) is a potent MAO-A and 5-HT2AR dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.004 and 0.014 μM, respectively. MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 is a potential antidepressant agent.
    MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1
  • HY-118178
    LY43578
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    LY43578 is an orally active aromatase inhibitor. LY43578 inhibits P-450-dependent p-nitroanisole O-demethylation and ethylmorphine N-demethylation in hepatic microsomes isolated from rat, with the IC50 of 0.3 and 5 μΜ, respectively. LY43578 can be used for neurological disorder study.
    LY43578
  • HY-W777360
    Harman-13C2,15N
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    Harman-13C2,15N is 13C and 15N labeled Harmane. Harmane is a benzodiazepine receptor inhibitor (IC50=7 μM), with IC50 values for mACh, Opioid Receptor, MAO-A/B, and α2-adrenergic receptor of 24 μM, 2.8 μM, 0.5 μM, 5 μM, and 18 μM, respectively. Harmane also inhibits haloperidol and serotonin, with IC50 values of 163 μM and 101 μM, respectively. Harmane inhibits the I1 imidazoline receptor (IC50=30 nM) to reduce blood pressure and has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and analgesic effects. Harmane inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and enhancing L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Additionally, Harmane can increase the mutagenic effect induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF).
    Harman-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-151466
    HIF-1α-IN-5
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    HIF-1α-IN-5 is a HIF-1α inhibitor with an IC50 value of 24 nM (in HEK293T cell). HIF-1α-IN-5 also inhibits MAO-A activity. HIF-1α-IN-5 downregulates VEGF and PDK1 mRNA expressions under hypoxia. HIF-1α-IN-5 can be used in the research of cancer.
    HIF-1α-IN-5
  • HY-122812
    Maesopsin
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    Maesopsin is a phenolic compound, that can be isolated from Hoveniae Lignum.
    Maesopsin
  • HY-B0884
    Minaprine
    		Inhibitor
    Minaprine is a brain-penetrant monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Minaprine also weakly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Minaprine reduces intraneuronal dopamine metabolism, lowers striatal homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels, and raises striatal 3-methoxytyramine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels. Minaprine exhibits convulsant, antidepressant properties.
    Minaprine
  • HY-Y1322S
    Triphenyl phosphate-d15
    		Activator 99.74%
    Triphenyl phosphate-d15 is the deuterium labeled Triphenyl phosphate. Triphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring.
    Triphenyl phosphate-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-10399
    Ladostigil
    		Inhibitor
    Ladostigil (TV-3326) is an orally active dual inhibitor of cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO), with IC50s of 37.1 and 31.8 μM for MAO-B and AChE, respectively. Ladostigil exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ladostigil can be used for the research of depression and Alzheimer's disease. Ladostigil is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Ladostigil
  • HY-B1018AS
    Phenelzine-d5 sulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Phenelzine-d5 sulfate is the deuterium labeled Phenelzine sulfate (HY-B1018A). Phenelzine sulfate, an antidepressant agent, is an irreversible and orally active monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) inhibitor. Phenelzine sulfate inhibits GABA transaminase and primary amine oxidase (PrAO), and sequester reactive aldehydes. Phenelzine sulfate also inhibits LSD1 (Ki: 5.6 μM) and suppresses oxidative stress and lipogenesis. Phenelzine sulfate elevates neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine). Phenelzine sulfate is studied in neurological, metabolic and cancer diseases for depression and anxiety disorders, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory pain, obesity and prostate cancer.
    Phenelzine-d<sub>5</sub> sulfate
  • HY-146958
    MAO-B-IN-8
    		Inhibitor 98.03%
    MAO-B-IN-8 is a potent reversible MAO-B inhibitor and an inhibitor of microglial production of neuroinflammatory mediator. MAO-B-IN-8 can be used for neurodegenerative disease research.
    MAO-B-IN-8
  • HY-132907
    MAO-B-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 99.05%
    MAO-B-IN-2 is a selective and competitive inhibitor of MAO-B and BChE with IC50 values of 0.51 and 7.00 μM, respectively.
    MAO-B-IN-2
  • HY-W845607
    Milacemide
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    Milacemide, a glycinamide derivative, is an orally active MAO-B inhibitor with anticonvulsant activity. Milacemide reduces the levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanilic acid, but increases the levels of dopamine and serotonin in the caudate nucleus. Milacemide is promising for research of Alzheimer's disease.
    Milacemide
  • HY-151499
    PXS-6302
    		Inhibitor
    PXS-6302 is an irreversible lysyl oxidase inhibitor with IC50s of 3.7 μM (Bovine LOX), 3.4 μM (rh LOXL1), 0.4 μM (rh LOXL2), 1.5 μM (rh LOXL3), 0.3 μM (rh LOXL4), respectively. PXS-6302 has readily skin penetrability, reduces collagen deposition and significantly improves scar appearance.
    PXS-6302
  • HY-120826
    A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1 (compoudn 17) is a non-xanthine dual-target inhibitor targeting the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) (IC50: 34.9 nM) andMAO-B (Ki: 39.5 nM, human). A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1 inhibits A2AAR-induced cAMP accumulation and exhibits competitive, reversible inhibition of MAO-B. A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD).
    A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1
  • HY-70057S1
    Safinamide-d4-1
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Safinamide-d4-1 is deuterium labeled Safinamide. Safinamide is a potent, selective, and reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50=0.098 μM) over MAO-A (IC50=580 μM). Safinamide also blocks sodium channels and modulates glutamate (Glu) release, showing a greater affinity at depolarized (IC50=8?μM) than at resting (IC50=262?μM) potentials. Safinamide has neuroprotective and neurorescuing effects and can be used for the study of parkinson disease, ischemia stroke etc.al.
    Safinamide-d<sub>4</sub>-1
  • HY-151498
    PXS-4787
    		Inhibitor
    PXS-4787 is a specific and effective pan-LOX (lysyl oxidase) inhibitor for abolishing lysyl oxidase activity. PXS-4787 inhibits LOX with IC50s of 2 μM (Bovine LOX), 3.2 μM (rh LOXL1), 0.6 μM (rh LOXL2), 1.4 μM (rh LOXL3), 0.2 μM (rh LOXL4), respectively.
    PXS-4787
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison

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